Output buffer circuit capable of enhancing stability

ABSTRACT

An output buffer circuit capable of enhancing stability includes an operational amplifier, a capacitive load and an output control unit. The operational amplifier has a positive input terminal, a negative input terminal and an output terminal, and generates an output voltage to the output terminal according to an input voltage received by the positive input terminal. The output control unit is coupled between the output terminal of the operational amplifier and the capacitive load, and is utilized for controlling electrical connection between the output terminal of the operational amplifier and the capacitive load to form a signal output path and for adjusting impedance of the signal output path when the signal output path is formed. The output control unit comprises a plurality of output switches for individually turning on or off the electrical connection between the output terminal and the capacitive load of the operational amplifier.

CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This a continuation application of U.S. application Ser. No. 13/014,672filed on Jan. 26, 2011, which is included in its entirety herein byreference.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

1. Field of the Invention

The present invention relates to an output buffer circuit capable ofenhancing stability, and more particularly to an output buffer circuitthat increases a phase margin of an operational amplifier by adjustingoutput path impedance of the operational amplifier.

2. Description of the Prior Art

Output buffers are usually applied to various electronic devices forisolating signals from input terminals to output terminals to avoid theinput terminals being affected by loading and for enhancing drivingability. In Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) devices, for example, sourcedrivers charge each pixel in LCD panels to an individual voltage levelto drive liquid crystal molecules of each pixel by using the outputbuffers. Hence, the driving ability of the output buffer is highlyrelated to display performance and responding time of the LCD devices.

Please refer to FIG. 1, which is a schematic diagram of a conventionalsource driver 10. The source driver 10 includes a shift register 11, adata latch (or known as a line buffer) 12, a digital-to-analog converter(DAC) 13, an output buffer 14, and an output switch 15. The shiftregister 11 is utilized for sequentially receiving image data DATAaccording to a clock signal CLK. When the image data corresponding to ahorizontal scan line data is received, the data latch 12 grabs the datatemporarily stored in the shift register 11 according to a data loadingsignal LOAD generated by a timing controller (not shown), such that theshift register 11 can proceed to receive the image data of a nexthorizontal scan line. The DAC 13 then converts the digital pixel datastored in the data latch 12 to analog voltages and outputs the analogvoltages to the output buffer 14. The output buffer 14 is utilized forproviding sufficient driving ability, and the output switch 15 isutilized for sequentially coupling the output buffer 14 to acorresponding data line DL. Accordingly, the data line DL can be drove.

In FIG. 1, the output buffer 14 and the output switch 15 is known as anoutput buffer circuit of the source driver 10. More specifically, asshown in FIG. 2, the output buffer 14 includes an operational amplifier110, and the output switch 15 includes a switch SW for forming a signalpath to the data line DL via an output pad P of the source driver 10.The operational amplifier 110 has a positive input terminal IN+, anegative input terminal IN− and an output terminal OUT. The positiveinput terminal IN+ is utilized for receiving an analog voltage. Theoutput terminal OUTPUT is coupled to the negative input terminal IN− toform a negative feedback loop. The operational amplifier 110 is utilizedfor driving the voltage of the output pad P to a certain voltage levelaccording to the analog voltage received by the positive input terminalIN+. However, in order to drive different pixels of the data line DL atdifferent time, the source driver 10 must renew the analog voltagefrequently. The source driver 10 turns off the switch SW when renewingthe analog voltage, and turns on the switch SW for outputting the analogvoltage being renewed to the data line DL until the data line DL isready to be charged.

When the switch SW is turned on, the output terminal OUT of theoperational amplifier 110 is electrically connected to the data line DLthrough the output pad P. In general, the stabilization time of theoutput voltage is determined by capacitive load CLOAD of the date lineDL, turn-on impedance of the switch SW and output impedance of theoperational amplifier 110. However, in order to decrease power loss, theconventional source driver continuously reduces the DC currents of theoutput buffer, causing that a phase margin of the operational amplifieris decreased and thus the stabilization time is increased. Under thiscondition, it is inevitable to postpone the testing time of the outputvoltage, resulting in the increase of the testing cost.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

It is therefore an objective of the claimed invention to provide anoutput buffer circuit capable of enhancing stability.

The present invention discloses an output buffer circuit capable ofenhancing stability. The output buffer circuit includes an operationalamplifier, a capacitive load, and an output control unit. Theoperational amplifier has a positive input terminal, a negative inputterminal and an output terminal reversely coupled to the negative inputterminal, and is utilized for generating an output voltage with acorresponding level to the output terminal according to an input voltagereceived by the positive input terminal. The output control unit iscoupled between the output terminal of the operational amplifier and thecapacitive load, and is utilized for controlling electrical connectionbetween the output terminal of the operational amplifier and thecapacitive load to form a signal output path and for adjusting theimpedance of the signal output path when the signal output path isformed. The output control unit comprises a plurality of outputswitches, for individually turning on or off the electrical connectionbetween the output terminal and the capacitive load of the operationalamplifier, to form the signal output path, wherein the impedance of thesignal output path is determined by quantity of turned-on outputswitches among the plurality of output switches.

These and other objectives of the present invention will no doubt becomeobvious to those of ordinary skill in the art after reading thefollowing detailed description of the preferred embodiment that isillustrated in the various figures and drawings.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a conventional source driver.

FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of an output buffer circuit of the sourcedriver in FIG. 1.

FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of an output buffer circuit according toan embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 4 is a signal timing diagram of the output buffer circuit in FIG.3.

FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of an output buffer circuit according toanother embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 6 is a signal timing diagram of the output buffer circuit in FIG.5.

FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of an output buffer circuit according tofurther another embodiment of the present invention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

Please refer to FIG. 3, which is a schematic diagram of an output buffercircuit 30 according to the embodiment of the present invention. Theoutput buffer circuit 30 includes an operational amplifier 31, acapacitive load CLOAD and an output control unit 32. The operationalamplifier 31 has a positive input terminal IN+, a negative inputterminal IN−, and an output terminal OUT. The positive input terminalIN+ is utilized for receiving an analog voltage. The output terminalOUTPUT is coupled to the negative input terminal IN− to form a negativefeedback loop. The operational amplifier 31 generates a correspondingoutput voltage to the output terminal OUT according to the analogvoltage received by the positive input terminal IN+. The output controlunit 32, coupled between the output terminal OUT of the operationalamplifier 31 and the capacitive load CLOAD, is utilized for controllingelectrical connection between the output terminal OUT of the operationalamplifier 31 and the capacitive load CLOAD to form a signal output path,and for adjusting impedance of the signal output path when the signaloutput path is formed.

Therefore, when the operational amplifier 31 charges the capacitive loadCLOAD, the embodiment of the present invention adjusts the impedance ofthe signal output path to control zero point locations of theoperational amplifier, so as to increase phase margin of the operationalamplifier. As a result, the stability of the whole system is enhancedand the stabilization time and the testing cost are thus reduced.

In the embodiment of the present invention, the output control unit 32may include a plurality of output switches, for turning on or off theelectrical connection between the output terminal OUT of the operationalamplifier 31 and the capacitive load CLOAD to form the signal outputpath. In this case, the impedance of the signal output path is thendetermined by the quantity of the turned-on switches.

In FIG. 3, for example, the output control unit 32 includes two CMOStransmission gates, each composed of a PMOS switch (PSW1 and PSW2) andan NMOS switch (NSW1 and NSW2), for performing switch operationaccording to control signals OPC1 and OPC2 and inversion signals OPCB1and OPCB2 thereof. Principles and detailed operations of the CMOStransmission gates are well-known by those skilled in the art, and thusare not further narrated herein. Please refer to FIG. 4, which is asignal timing diagram of the output buffer circuit 30. At first, theoperational amplifier 31 receives an analog voltage from the output of afront circuit in a data load phase. Then, when the output buffer circuit30 intends to charge the capacitive load CLOAD by the output voltage ofthe operational amplifier 31 (i.e. in an output phase of the operationalamplifier), all the PMOS switches PSW1, PSW2 and the NMOS switches NSW1,NSW2 are turned on. At this time, the impedance of the signal pathbetween the operational amplifier 31 and the capacitive load CLOADbecomes a minimum value such that the operational amplifier 31 cancharge and discharge the capacitive load CLOAD quickly. When thecapacitive load CLOAD is charged to a predetermined level (or beingcharged for a predetermined time), some of the CMOS transmission gatessuch as the switches NSW2 and PSW2, for example, are turned off, forincreasing the impedance of the signal path between the operationalamplifier 31 and the capacitive load CLOAD.

In this way, the zero-point positions of the operational amplifier canbe controlled by the impedance of the signal output path, so as toincrease the phase margin of the operational amplifier. As a result, thestability of the whole system is enhanced and thus the stabilizationtime and the testing cost can be reduced.

In addition, the control signals OPC1, OPC2 and the inversion signalsOPCB1, OPCB2 thereof are generated by a control signal generation unit33. The control signal generation unit 33 switches logic levels of thecontrol signals OPC1, OPC2 and the inversion signals OPCB1, OPCB2 toturn off some of the transmission gates when the voltage level of thecapacitive load CLOAD reaches to a stable state, such as when thecapacitive load CLOAD is charged to a predetermined level or apredetermined time after the output phase of the operational amplifierbegins, for example.

Please note that, in the embodiment of the present invention, theplurality of output switches included by the output control unit 32 areimplemented by the CMOS transmission gates in order to meet requirementsof a variety of output voltage levels of the operational amplifiers.However, in other embodiments of the present invention, each outputswitch can be implemented by any kind of transistor switches such asPMOS switches, NMOS switches or bipolar transistor switches, etc, and isnot restricted herein.

Certainly, the output switch quantity of the output control unit 32 canbe adjusted according to actual demands and is not limited to this.Please refer to FIG. 5, which is a schematic diagram of an output buffercircuit 50 according to another embodiment of the present invention.Compared to the output buffer circuit 30 of FIG. 3, the output controlunit 52 includes four pairs of transmission gates, each composed of aPMOS switch (PSW3-PSW6) and an NMOS switch (NSW3-NSW6), for performingswitch operations according to control signals OPC3-OPC6 and inversionsignals OPCB3-OPCB6 thereof, respectively. Please refer to FIG. 6, whichis a signal timing diagram of the output buffer circuit 50. Similarly,in a data load phase, the operational amplifier 51 receives an analogvoltage from the output of a front circuit. Then, when the output buffercircuit 50 intends to charge the capacitive load CLOAD by the outputvoltage of the operational amplifier 51 (i.e. in an output phase of theoperational amplifier), all the PMOS switches PSW3-PSW6 and the NMOSswitches NSW3-NSW6 are turned on. At this time, the impedance of thesignal path between the operational amplifier 51 and the capacitive loadCLOAD becomes a minimum value, such that the operational amplifier 51can charge or discharge the capacitive load CLOAD quickly. When thecapacitive load CLOAD is charged to a predetermined level (or beingcharged for a predetermined time), the CMOS transmission gates aresequentially turned off to gradually increase the impedance of thesignal path between the operational amplifier 51 and the capacitive loadCLOAD.

In this way, during the process that the output switches aresequentially turned off, the output path of the operational amplifierhas impedance larger than the condition when all the output switches areturned on, so that the phase margin of the operational amplifier isincreased. As a result, the stability of the whole system is enhanced,so as to reduce the stabilization time and the testing cost.

On the other hand, please refer to FIG. 7, which is a schematic diagramof an output buffer circuit 70 according to another embodiment of thepresent invention. The output buffer circuit 70 includes an operationalamplifier 71, a capacitive load CLOAD and an output control unit 72.Compared to the above embodiments, the output control unit 72 onlyincludes one output switch SW1 for turning on or off the electricalconnection between the output terminal OUT of the operational amplifier71 and the capacitive load CLOAD according to a control signal OPC, soas to form a signal output path. The control signal OPC is generated bya control signal generation unit 73. When the voltage level of thecapacitive load CLOAD reaches to a stable state such as when thecapacitive load CLOAD is charged to a predetermined voltage level, or apredetermined time after the operational amplifier enters into theoutput phase, for example, the control signal generation unit 73 adjuststhe voltage level of the control signal OPC to control conductivity ofthe output switch SW1. In this way, the impedance of the signal outputpath can be adjusted according to the conductivity of the output switchSW1.

That is to say, when the output buffer circuit 70 intends to charge thecapacitive load CLOAD by the output voltage of the operational amplifier71, the output switch SW1 would be turned on completely. At this time,the impedance of the signal path between the operational amplifier 71and the capacitive load CLOAD becomes a minimum value, such that theoperational amplifier 71 can charge or discharge the capacitive loadCLOAD quickly. When the capacitive load CLOAD is charged to a stablestate such as reaching to a predetermined voltage level or being chargedfor a predetermined period, for example, the output switch SW1 would beswitched to an incomplete conduction state according to level variationof the control signal OPC, such that the impedance of the signal pathbetween the operational amplifier 71 and the capacitive load CLOAD isincreased.

In general, the control signals of the output switches are generated bylow-voltage logic circuits. Thus, level shifters are required totransform the control signals to the level of high-voltage components,such that the output switches can be turned on or off by the controlsignals. In the embodiment of the present invention, the control signalgeneration unit 73 includes level shifters LS1-LSn, and a multiplexerMUX. The level shifters LS1-LSn generate supply voltages VDD1˜VDDnaccording to a logic signal LG, respectively. The multiplexer MUX iscoupled to the level shifters LS1-LSn, and is utilized for switching thesupply voltages VDD1˜VDDn according to the voltage of the capacitiveload CLOAD, to generate the control signal OPC of the output switch SW1.The relationship of the supply voltages VDD1˜VDDn is as follows:VDD1>VDD2> . . . >VDDn>GND.

In the embodiment of the present invention, the output switch SW1 iscompletely turned on when the control signal OPC has a level of VDD1,and is completely turned off when the control signal OPC has a level ofGND. Since the output switch SW1 is implemented by a CMOS transmissiongate, by the conduction characteristics of CMOS devices, the impedanceof the output switch SW1 is higher when the control signal OPC has alevel less than the supply voltage VDD1 than when the output switch SW1is turned on completely. The increase of the impedance affects the zeroposition of the operational amplifier, to improve the phase margin ofthe operational amplifier and shorten the stabilization time of theoutput buffer circuit.

In short, the embodiment of the present invention varies the transistorgate voltage of the output switch to control the output path impedanceof the operational amplifier, so as to shorten the stabilization time ofthe output buffer circuit. Certainly, the spirit of the above embodimentis not limited to the case shown in the figure. All output buffercircuits that adjust the impedance of the signal output path to improvethe stability of the output buffer circuit belong to the scope of thepresent invention.

To sum up, the output buffer circuit of the present invention controlsthe output path impedance of the operational amplifier to adjust thezero position of the operational amplifier, so as to shorten thestabilization time and the testing time. As a result, the testing costof the source driver can be effectively reduced, while thecompetitiveness is raised.

Those skilled in the art will readily observe that numerousmodifications and alterations of the device and method may be made whileretaining the teachings of the invention. Accordingly, the abovedisclosure should be construed as limited only by the metes and boundsof the appended claims.

What is claimed is:
 1. An output buffer circuit capable of enhancingstability, comprising: an operational amplifier, having an outputterminal; and an output control unit, coupled between the outputterminal of the operational amplifier and capacitive load, to generate avariable impedance of a signal output path between the output terminalof the operational amplifier and the capacitive load, wherein when theoperational amplifier enters an output phase to charge or discharge thecapacitive load, the output control circuit generates a first impedance,and when a voltage level of the capacitive load is detected to reach apredetermined level, the output control circuit generates a secondimpedance larger than the first impedance.
 2. The output buffer circuitof claim 1 being applicable to a display driving circuit.
 3. The outputbuffer circuit of claim 2, wherein the display driving circuit is asource driver.
 4. The output buffer circuit of claim 1, wherein theoutput control unit comprising: a plurality of output switches, whereinthe impedance of the signal output path is determined by a quantity ofturned-on output switches among the plurality of output switches.
 5. Theoutput buffer circuit of claim 4, wherein the plurality of outputswitches are all turned on when the operational amplifier enters theoutput phase, and partly turned off to increase the impedance of thesignal output path when the voltage level of the capacitive load isdetected to reach the predetermined level.
 6. The output buffer circuitof claim 5, wherein the partly-turned-off output switches aresequentially turned off to gradually increase the impedance of thesignal output path when the voltage level of the capacitive load isdetected to reach the predetermined level.
 7. The output buffer circuitof claim 4, wherein each of the plurality of output switches isimplemented by a PMOS switch, an NMOS switch, or a CMOS transmissiongate.
 8. The output buffer circuit of claim 4 further comprising acontrol signal generation unit, coupled to the plurality of outputswitches, for detecting a voltage level of the capacitive load andgenerating control signals of the plurality of output switches, tocontrol the quantity of the turned-on output switches among theplurality of the output switches according to the detected voltage levelof the capacitive load.
 9. The output buffer circuit of claim 4, whereinthe output control unit gradually increases the impedance of the signaloutput path after the voltage level of the capacitive load is detectedto reach the predetermined level.
 10. The output buffer circuit of claim1, wherein the output control unit comprises an output switch, forturning on or off the electrical connection between the output terminaland the capacitive load of the operational amplifier, to form the signaloutput path, wherein the impedance of the signal output path isdetermined by a conductivity of the output switch.
 11. The output buffercircuit of claim 10, further comprising a control signal generationunit, coupled to the output switch, for detecting a voltage level of thecapacitive load and generating a control signal of the output switch, tocontrol the conductivity of the output switch according to the voltagelevel of the capacitive load.
 12. The output buffer circuit of claim 11,wherein the control signal generation unit comprises: a plurality oflevel shifters, for individually generating a plurality of supplyvoltage levels according to a logic signal; and a multiplexer, coupledto the plurality of level shifters, for switching the plurality ofsupply voltage levels, to output as the control signal.
 13. The outputbuffer circuit of claim 10, wherein the output switch is turned on whenthe operational amplifier enters the output phase, and partly turned offto increase the impedance of the signal output path when the voltagelevel of the capacitive load is detected to reach the predeterminedlevel.
 14. The output buffer circuit of claim 13, wherein thepartly-turned off output switch is gradually turned off to graduallyincrease the impedance of the signal output path when the voltage levelof the capacitive load is detected to reach the predetermined level. 15.An output buffer circuit capable of enhancing stability, comprising: anoperational amplifier, having an output terminal; and an output controlunit, coupled between the output terminal of the operational amplifierand a capacitive load, to generate a variable impedance between theoutput terminal of the operational amplifier and the capacitive load,wherein the operational amplifier enters an output phase to charge ordischarge the capacitive load, the output control circuit generate afirst impedance, and the output control circuit generate a secondimpedance larger than the first impedance after the operationalamplifier operates in the output phase for a predetermined time.
 16. Theoutput buffer circuit of claim 15, wherein the output control unitcomprises: a plurality of output switches, wherein the impedance of thesignal output path is determined by a quantity of turned-on outputswitches among the plurality of output switches.
 17. The output buffercircuit of claim 15, wherein the plurality of output switches are allturned on when the operational amplifier enters the output phase, andpartly turned off to increase the impedance of the signal output pathafter the operational amplifier operates in the output phase for apredetermined time.
 18. The output buffer circuit of claim 17, whereinthe partly-turned-off output switches are sequentially turned off togradually increase the impedance of the signal output path when thevoltage level of the capacitive load is detected to reach thepredetermined level.
 19. The output buffer circuit of claim 15, whereineach of the plurality of output switches is implemented by a PMOSswitch, an NMOS switch, or a CMOS transmission gate.
 20. The outputbuffer circuit of claim 15 further comprising a control signalgeneration unit, coupled to the plurality of output switches, fordetecting whether the operational amplifier operates in the output phasefor the predetermined time and generating control signals of theplurality of output switches, to control a quantity of the turned-onoutput switches among the plurality of the output switches according toa result of the detection.
 21. The output buffer circuit of claim 15being applicable to a display driving circuit.
 22. The output buffercircuit of claim 21, wherein the display driving circuit is a sourcedriver.
 23. The output buffer circuit of claim 15, wherein the outputcontrol unit gradually increases the impedance of the signal output pathafter the operational amplifier operates in the output phase for thepredetermined time.
 24. The output buffer circuit of claim 15, whereinthe output control unit comprises an output switch, for turning on oroff the electrical connection between the output terminal and thecapacitive load of the operational amplifier, to form the signal outputpath, wherein the impedance of the signal output path is determined byconductivity of the output switch.
 25. The output buffer circuit ofclaim 24, further comprising a control signal generation unit, coupledto the output switch, for detecting a voltage level of the capacitiveload and generating a control signal of the output switch, to controlthe conductivity of the output switch according to the voltage level ofthe capacitive load.
 26. The output buffer circuit of claim 25, whereinthe control signal generation unit comprises: a plurality of levelshifters, for individually generating a plurality of supply voltagelevels according to a logic signal; and a multiplexer, coupled to theplurality of level shifters, for switching the plurality of supplyvoltage levels, to output as the control signal.
 27. The output buffercircuit of claim 15, wherein the output switch is turned on when theoperational amplifier enters the output phase, and partly turned off toincrease the impedance of the signal output path when the voltage levelof the capacitive load is detected to reach the predetermined level. 28.The output buffer circuit of claim 27, wherein the partly-turned offoutput switch is gradually turned off to gradually increase theimpedance of the signal output path when the voltage level of thecapacitive load is detected to reach the predetermined level.
 29. Anoutput buffer circuit capable of enhancing stability, comprising: anoperational amplifier, having an output terminal; and an output controlunit, coupled between the output terminal of the operational amplifierand a capacitive load, to generate a variable impedance of a signaloutput path between the output terminal of the operational amplifier andthe capacitive load, wherein the operational amplifier enters an outputphase to charge or discharge the capacitive load, and the output controlcircuit gradually increase the impedance of a signal output path when avoltage level of the capacitive load reaches to a stable state.
 30. Theoutput buffer circuit of claim 29, wherein the output control unitcomprising: a plurality of output switches, wherein the impedance of thesignal output path is determined by a quantity of turned-on outputswitches among the plurality of output switches.
 31. The output buffercircuit of claim 30, wherein the plurality of output switches are allturned on when the operational amplifier enters the output phase, andsequentially turned off to gradually increase the impedance of thesignal output path after the voltage level of the capacitive loadreaches to the stable state.
 32. The output buffer circuit of claim 29,wherein the output control unit comprises an output switch, for turningon or off the electrical connection between the output terminal and thecapacitive load of the operational amplifier, to form the signal outputpath, wherein the impedance of the signal output path is determined byconductivity of the output switch.
 33. The output buffer circuit ofclaim 32, wherein the output switch is turned on when the operationalamplifier enters the output phase, and gradually turned off to graduallyincrease the impedance of the signal output path after the voltage levelof the capacitive load reaches to the stable state.